Puerto Rico
The vejigante is a demon-like mask (careta) with horns sometimes worn with a full costume in Carnival festivals. The person wearing it dances around the crowds.
Primary Sources
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Bibliography
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Alegría, R. E. (1956). The Fiesta of Santiago Apostol (St. James the Apostle) in Loíza, Puerto Rico. The Journal of American Folklore, 69(272), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/537272
Harris, M. (n.d.). Masking the Site: The Fiestas de Santiago Apóstol in Loíza, Puerto Rico. Retrieved September 3, 2024, from https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/542027
Hiraldo, S. H., & Ortega-Brena, M. (2006). “If God Were Black and from Loíza”: Managing Identities in a Puerto Rican Seaside Town. Latin American Perspectives, 33(1), 66–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27647906
Puerto Rican Vejigante Mask. (n.d.). National Museum of American History. Retrieved July 7, 2023, from https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_600893